Application

MNO2 effectively removes iron, manganese and hydrogen sulfide from natural waters. Water for industrial and domestic uses must be substantially iron and manganese free. In many countries it is a requirement that water for municipal use should not contain iron and manganese concentrations greater than 0.2 and 0.05 ppm respectively and preferably below 0.05 and 0.02 ppm. In certain industries like pulp and paper mills, tanneries, textile plants, dye houses and laundries, it is almost impossible to operate with iron or manganese bearing waters since they would produce objectionable stains, streaks, spots and off-colors on many manufactured products. Iron and manganese also foul ion exchange resins. Hence it ¡s necessary to include a pretreatment stage in most ion exchange processes.

MNO2 is particularly effective. As a result of its catalytic properties it is used in conjunction with chlorine dosing, to reduce iron and manganese in water supplies to the extremely low levels mentioned. Alternative procedures such as aeration, chlorination and filtration cannot yield an effluent to the same standards of quality as obtained with MNO2. MNO2 has unique characteristics in addition to its catalytic property which ensures maximum efficiency of the oxidizing agent employed, for example potassium permanganate, chlorine or dissolved oxygen. This results in superior rate of reaction and completeness of the oxidation.